Involution (nèijuan)

The world is talking about the actions of one man: The US president Donald Trump and his intention to overtake Greenland and to invade Iran.

But life still goes on (US singer Freddy Mercury quoted) and world economy, too. China is confronted with a low price competition and invented in 2024 the technical term «involution» (in Chinese «nèijuan »), is Nathan Sperber, researcher at the faculty of political science and international relations at the Tongji-University of Shanghai, saying in the newspaper «Le Monde diplomatique » («Chinas Wirtschaft frisst sich selber », swiss edition, December 2025). The phenomenon is described as «unhealthy competition » with economic players constantly investing substantial ressources and energy to defend their market position or for self-assertion in a limited market without reaching profit growth. This means losses for all. 

With determination, as the researcher is saying, China déclared war on these problems, with two main objectives: to discipline the capital flow and to build a big national and united market.